Nature Wonder-Island Vol.4 | The Diverse Birds that Only Exist on Amami!

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2019/03/08

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奄美野生生物保護センター

Hello, I am Mizuta (surname) of the Amami Wildlife Center. This series talks about the nature and wildlife of Amami, and this time I will introduce various points about the birds of Amami.

ネイチャーワンダーアイランド~vol1|なぜ奄美大島には希少野生生物が多く残っている?
ネイチャーワンダーアイランド~vol2|マングローブってどんなところ?
ネイチャーワンダーアイランド~vol3~外来種の実態、防除の最前線

 

Now, although it is sudden, here is a question for you: How many varieties of birds are there in the Amami Archipelago? About 50 varieties? About 100 varieties?

奄美大島のヒカンザクラの花の蜜を吸うメジロ

The Warbling white-eye bird drinking the nectar of the ‘hikan-zakura’ flower

 

Before giving the answer– if you state the amount of birds that have been confirmed to live throughout Japan, the number is about 630 species.

 

The Amami Archipelago only makes up 0.3% of the total area of Japan, so if you think about it in terms of the ratio of the area, then the number of birds that are in the Amami Islands would be very small. However, that is of course not the case.

 

夜の森で獲物を探すリュウキュウコノハズク

The Ryūkyū scops-owl searching for its prey in the forest of the night

 

According to the ‘Amami Wild Bird Field Guide’ published by the Amami Wild Bird Association (an incorporated non-profit organization), more than 330 species of birds have been identified in the Amami Archipelago.  Over half of the species seen in Japan have been identified on this land that is just 0.3% of Japan. This is incredible. The Amami Archipelago is a valuable region with many types of birds.

 

春に奄美に渡ってきて子育てをするアカショウビン

The Ruddy kingfisher that comes to Amami in spring to raise their young

 

Now for the next question. Why are there that many varieties of birds in the Amami Archipelago?

This question cannot be answered in one word. There are a few answers, so I will explain them in order.

 

The first answer is that there are various environments where birds live.

 

In the Amami Archipelago there are various environments, such as forests, rivers, shorelines surrounded by coral reefs, mangroves, tidal flats, arable land that humans have made, and more.

Since different species of birds inhabit different environments, there are many areas that birds live in when you consider the entirety of the Amami Archipelago.

 

奄美大島の金作原

There are many forest birds that live in the famous sightseeing location Kinsakubaru Primeval Forest.

 

奄美大島の海

You can see many birds by the water at the vast tidal flat of the Ose coast in the northern area of Amami Oshima.

 

The second answer is that the Amami Archipelago is located in the southern part of the Japanese Islands, and the winter is comparatively warm.

 

Amongst the birds who raised their young in mainland Japan and in areas further north during the summer, there are species that move south for the winter (these are called “winter birds”), and the Amami Archipelago is one of those destinations.

The places that these winter birds spend the winter at are called “wintering spots,” and since the Amami Archipelago is a quite comfortable “wintering spot,” many birds use it in the winter.

 

奄美群島で越冬する代表的な冬鳥のサシバ

The representative winter bird called the Grey-faced buzzard that passes the winter in the Amami Archipelago

 

The third answer is a geographical reason– the Amami Archipelago is part of the Ryukyu Islands, where many islands are lined up in between Kyushu and Taiwan.

 

The Ryukyu Islands that float here and there in the vast ocean is a suitable resting area for migratory birds flying above the sea. Every year, very many birds rest in the Amami Archipelago during the spring and fall migration period. There are many birds that have been identified on the Amami Archipelago because migratory birds passing through this land also stop by.

 

渡りの時期に見られためずらしい鳥のレンカク

The pheasant-tailed jacana, a rare bird to be seen during the season for migration

 

The fourth answer regards humans. There are not only many birds, but also many people who observe them in the Amami Archipelago.

 

No matter how many birds there are, if there is no one to identify them then you cannot be aware of the fact that “there are many birds.” I believe that so many birds have been identified in the Amami Archipelago because there are many people actively observing them in this region.

 

奄美大島での自然観察会

The activities of a bird-watching group

 

Now for another question: Why do birds in the Amami Archipelago receive so much attention? People from all over Japan, or rather all over the world, come to the islands of Amami and Okinawa to observe birds. What is it that attracts these people?

In addition to the diverse variety of bird species written about above, I believe that it can be narrowed down to the fact that there are many birds that do not live anywhere else in the world, known as “endemic species,” that inhabit the Amami Archipelago.

The reason why there are so many endemic species is as mentioned in the first part of this series, but to review: in the long history of repeatedly joining and breaking off from the Eurasian continent, there are many creatures that remained only in the Amami Archipelago, or they continued to evolve here.

The wildlife that is unique to this place, by itself, makes the Amami Archipelago a valuable area even on the global scale.

 

奄美大島特有の子育てするオオトラツグミ

The Amami thrush, that only exists on Amami Oshima, raising its young

 

Currently, various preparations are being made for Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima of Kagoshima Prefecture, as well as the Northern Region of Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island of Okinawa Prefecture, to be registered as World Heritage Sites. This region became a candidate site for World Heritage because of the rich biodiversity of endemic species as introduced in this article.

 

Now for the last question. What must we do in order to preserve this incredible nature? There are many things I’m sure, but I will not write about that here. Please think about it everyone, each and every one of you. I believe it is very important to think about this question.

 

奄美大島の森

New greenery of the forest on Amami Oshima

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奄美野生生物保護センター

奄美野生生物保護センター

奄美群島の自然や生き物に関する展示を行う環境省の施設。

野生生物の調査、外来種対策、自然観察会を通した普及啓発や世界自然遺産登録に向けた取組などを総合的に行う拠点にもなっている。

開館時間:午前9時30分~午後4時30分

休館日:毎週月曜日(祝日を除く)、年末年始(12月29日~1月3日)

住所:鹿児島県大島郡大和村思勝字腰ノ畑551番地

電話:0997-55-8620

管理協力: 鹿児島県自然保護課、奄美群島12市町村

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